Menakar Batas "Optimum Pareto" Integrasi Artificial Intelligence dalam Pembelajaran Menulis: Peluang dan Tantangan
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Abstract
The disruption caused by generative artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT in Indonesian writing instruction under the Merdeka Curriculum presents an urgent issue: such tools accelerate the production of poetry, short stories, and essays, yet may displace the deep cognitive processes students are expected to undergo. Prior studies have largely emphasized the technical use of AI to raise learning outcomes, while explicit ethical-pedagogical boundaries remain rarely formulated. This study applies a library research method with a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach, conducting a content analysis of fifteen scholarly articles indexed in Sinta and Scopus published between 2023 and 2026, then interpreting the findings through Vilfredo Pareto's concept of Pareto Optimum. The analysis reveals two consistent poles across most of the corpus: improvements in writing structure, vocabulary, and motivation on one side, and declines in essay ownership, cognitive connectivity, and AI-related plagiarism risk on the other. The discussion shows both poles are concentrated in the drafting phase, making AI safer to use during pre-writing and post-writing than during substantive text production. This study concludes that optimal AI integration is graduated according to writing phase, providing a foundation for adaptive yet protective instructional guidelines for Indonesian language and literature teachers.
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